united states

The Pope and US regulators warn about AI risks: Law Decoded

The head of the Catholic Church warned humanity of AI’s potential dangers and explained what needs to be done to control it.

Nowadays, everyone has an opinion on artificial intelligence (AI) and its potential risks. Even Pope Francis — the head of the Catholic Church — warned humanity of AI’s potential dangers and explained what needs to be done to control it. The Pope wants to see an international treaty to regulate AI to ensure it is developed and used ethically. Otherwise, he says, we risk falling into the spiral of a “technological dictatorship.” The threat of AI arises when developers have a “desire for profit or thirst for power” that dominates the wish to exist freely and peacefully, he added. 

The same feeling was expressed by the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC), which is comprised of top financial regulators and chaired by United States Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen. In its annual report, the organization emphasized that AI carries specific risks, such as cybersecurity and model risks. It suggested that companies and regulators enhance their knowledge and capabilities to monitor AI innovation and usage and identify emerging risks. According to the report, specific AI tools are highly technical and complex, posing challenges for institutions to explain or monitor them effectively. The report warns that companies and regulators may overlook biased or inaccurate results without a comprehensive understanding.

Even judges in the United Kingdom are ruminating on the risks of using AI in their work. Four senior judges in the U.K. have issued judicial guidance for AI, which deals with AI’s “responsible use” in courts and tribunals. The guidance points out potentially useful instances of AI usage, primarily in administrative aspects such as summarizing texts, writing presentations and composing emails. However, most of the guidance cautions judges to avoid consuming false information produced through AI searches and summaries and to be vigilant about anything false being produced by AI in their name. Particularly not recommended is the use of AI for legal research and analysis.

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Ripple, Coinbase, a16z invest $78M in pro-crypto PAC ahead of US elections

Prominent cryptocurrency companies and investors intend to support pro-cryptocurrency candidates during the 2024 U.S. election cycle.

Ripple CEO Brad Garlinghouse has publicly announced the company’s intent to support “pro-crypto” candidates during the 2024 United States election season. The company is among a group to have pledged a total of $78 million to support the Fairshake political action committee (PAC).

Fairshake announced that prominent industry firms and players had contributed to a significant “war chest” to back candidates who support American crypto and blockchain innovation and responsible regulation in the upcoming 2024 elections.

The list of contributors includes Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong, Tyler and Cameron Winklevoss, Circle, Coinbase, Kraken, Messari and Andreessen Horowitz (a16z).

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Can crypto mixers adapt to survive US authority prosecution?

Cryptocurrency mixers face a dilemma between preserving financial privacy freedom or embracing increased compliance measures to avoid U.S. scrutiny.

Tornado Cash — a cryptocurrency mixer service that can hide the origin of crypto transactions — hit the headlines after being sanctioned by the United States Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) in August 2022. 

The mixer opened Pandora’s box, igniting an open debate about the role of mixers in ensuring personal financial privacy when using cryptocurrencies.

U.S. authorities have continued sanctions against these services, with Sinbad.io being the most recent big player under OFAC sanction. Tornado Cash and Sinbad have been taken down by the FBI, with the U.S. Treasury accusing them of facilitating billions of dollars in illicit transactions, particularly those of North Korea-based hacking group Lazarus.

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Tether responds to US lawmakers’ calls for DOJ action

Tether has reacted to lawmakers’ requests for DOJ action over its stablecoin use, claiming it wants to be a “world class partner to the U.S.”

Tether, the company behind the stablecoin Tether (USDT), disclosed letters directed to U.S. legislators, addressing requests for intervention by the Department of Justice in relation to the illicit use of its stablecoin.

The communications were sent to members of the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the U.S. House Financial Services Committee on Nov. 16 and Dec. 15, detailing “Tether’s commitment to fighting illicit use of stablecoins.”

The letters aim to answer calls from Senator Cynthia Lummis and Representative French Hill from October, urging the DOJ “to carefully evaluate the extent to which Binance and Tether are providing material support and resources to support terrorism.”

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Tether responds to US lawmakers’ calls for DOJ action, onboards FBI

Tether has reacted to lawmakers’ requests for DOJ action over its stablecoin use, claiming it wants to be a “world class partner to the U.S.”

Tether, the company behind the stablecoin Tether (USDT), disclosed letters directed to United States lawmakers addressing requests for intervention by the Department of Justice (DOJ) about the illicit use of its stablecoin.

The communications were sent to members of the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the U.S. House Financial Services Committee on Nov. 16 and Dec. 15, detailing “Tether’s commitment to fighting illicit use of stablecoins.”

The letters aim to answer calls from Senator Cynthia Lummis and Representative French Hill from October, urging the DOJ “to carefully evaluate the extent to which Binance and Tether are providing material support and resources to support terrorism.”

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SEC officials meet again with spot Bitcoin ETF filers

Meetings between asset managers and the SEC intensified over the previous weeks, with Gary Gensler’s team meeting with BlackRock and Hashdex representatives.

The United States Securities and Exchange Commission has held a new round of discussions with asset managers proposing a spot Bitcoin (BTC) exchange-traded fund (ETF) in the U.S., this time with officials from Gary Gensler’s office participating in the meetings.

Based on court filings, the regulator received representatives from BlackRock on Dec. 14 to discuss the proposed rule change that would enable the crypto investment vehicle to be traded on major exchanges. According to Bloomberg ETF analyst Jayme Seyffart, this is the third meeting between BlackRock and the SEC to review the application.

Meetings between asset managers and the SEC had intensified over the previous weeks. On Dec. 8, Grayscale and Franklin Templeton also sat down with regulators to go over their applications, a day after representatives of Fidelity appeared before the SEC.

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CoinList agrees to $1.2M settlement over apparent US sanctions violations

The crypto exchange processed 989 transactions for users in Crimea from April 2020 to May 2022, according to the Office of Foreign Assets Control.

CoinList, a United States-based cryptocurrency exchange, has agreed to a $1.2-million settlement with the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) following allegations the firm facilitated transactions in apparent sanctions violations.

In a Dec. 13 notice, OFAC said CoinList had processed 989 transactions for users in Crimea — the peninsula formerly a part of Ukraine currently occupied by Russia — from April 2020 to May 2022. OFAC said the apparent sanctions violations were “non-egregious” but “not voluntarily self-disclosed.”

“[CoinList’s] screening procedures failed to capture users who represented themselves as resident of a non-embargoed country but who nevertheless provided an address within Crimea,” said OFAC. “In particular, [CoinList] opened 89 accounts for customers, nearly all of whom had specified ‘Russia’ as their country of residence but all of whom provided addresses in Crimea upon account opening.”

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Coinbase introduces spot crypto trading for institutional investors outside US

Institutional clients on the Coinbase International Exchange will be able to trade Bitcoin and Ether against USD Coin starting on Dec. 14.

United States-based cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase announced that institutional investors on its international exchange can access spot crypto trading services.

In a Dec. 13 announcement, Coinbase said institutional clients based outside the U.S. will be able to trade Bitcoin (BTC) and Ether (ETH) against USD Coin (USDC). The exchange said the services would launch on Dec. 14 and later expand to include retail investors, additional tokens and “features that enable new trading strategies and enhance capital efficiency.”

“We recognize the hesitancy among some asset issuers and members of the crypto community to engage with U.S. exchanges due to the evolving and uncertain regulatory landscape in the United States,” said Coinbase.

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IRS lists 4 crypto crimes among its top cases in 2023

The cases included investigations into the Silk Road marketplace, OneCoin, Oyster Protocol founder “Bruno Block,” and a money laundering scheme using Bitcoin kiosks.

The criminal investigation unit of the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has listed four crypto-related cases among the top ten of its “most prominent and high-profile investigations” in 2023.

In a Dec. 11 notice, the IRS unit said there were four significant cases in 2023 involving the seizure of cryptocurrency, fraudulent practices, money laundering and other schemes. Coming in at its third most high-profile investigation in the past year was OneCoin co-founder Karl Sebastian Greenwood, who was sentenced to 20 years in prison in September for his role in marketing and selling a fraudulent crypto asset.

Other cases included Ian Freeman, a New Hampshire resident sentenced to 8 years in prison for operating a money laundering scheme using Bitcoin (BTC) kiosks and failing to pay taxes from 2016 to 2019. The government body was also behind an investigation of Oyster Protocol founder Amir Elmaani, also known as “Bruno Block,” for tax evasion related to minting and selling Pearl tokens.

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Terra co-founder Do Kwon will stay in Montenegro until February: Report

The Terraform Labs co-founder had been awaiting extradition to either the U.S. or South Korea after serving a prison sentence in Montenegro for using falsified travel documents.

Terraform Labs co-founder Do Kwon, expected to be extradited to the United States to face criminal charges, will reportedly stay in Montenegrin custody until February.

According to a Dec. 12 Bloomberg report, authorities with the U.S. and South Korea requested Montenegrin officials hold Kwon for an additional two months following the conclusion of his prison sentence. The Terraform Labs co-founder was arrested in Montenegro in March for using falsified travel documents and sentenced to four months behind bars.

Kwon, a South Korean national formerly based in Singapore, has been charged in the U.S. and South Korea for his alleged role in the collapse of Terra. The Wall Street Journal reported on Dec. 7 that the U.S. would be taking custody of Kwon before South Korea. Both countries have extradition requests pending at the time of publication.

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