Hash Rate

BTC price heading under $30K? 5 things to know in Bitcoin this week

Bitcoin faces a battle for key BTC price support to start the week, while market participants stay optimistic about trend continuation.

Bitcoin (BTC) starts a new week under $30,000 as analysts’ predictions of a short-term support retest come true.

The largest cryptocurrency saw a classic dive following its latest weekly close as the latest gains evaporated, but will they return?

Ahead of a fairly innocuous week for macro data releases, catalysts are likely to come elsewhere as BTC price action decides on a key support zone.

Much is at stake for traders, as the week prior offered the opportunity to reinvestigate altcoins as Bitcoin itself cooled its upside. With a retracement now in effect, attention will be on whether those altcoins can hold at their own higher levels.

Under the hood, it appears to be business as usual for Bitcoin, with network fundamentals already at or near all-time highs, showing no definitive signs of a comedown this week.

It may be too early to determine how price performance will impact hodlers, but the temptation to sell at 10-month highs must be clear, with the percentage of the overall BTC supply now in profit at an impressive 75%.

Cointelegraph takes a look at these factors and more in the weekly rundown of potential Bitcoin price triggers.

BTC price: $30,000 hangs in the balance

After a “boring” weekend for BTC price action, volatility returned in classic style at the April 16 weekly close.

With it came a return to $30,000 for BTC/USD, marking its first major support retest since hitting 10-month highs above $31,000 last week.

Traders and analysts had widely predicted the move, arguing that it would constitute a healthy retracement to prepare for the continuation of the uptrend.

Cointelegraph contributor Michaël van de Poppe, founder and CEO of trading firm Eight, was among those eyeing a buy-in just below $30,000 but kept his options open in the case of a deeper correction.

“Bitcoin is getting towards the long areas. Back towards the range low, through which a sweep can be granted as an entry point towards $32K,” he told Twitter followers.

“$28,600 could also be a long entry, but then I think we won’t be starting to make new highs, for now.”

BTC/USD annotated chart. Source: Michaël van de Poppe/ Twitter

Analytics resource Skew noted how the dip had played out on exchanges, mentioning a “clean divergence” between spot sellers and derivatives traders.

“This is exactly the BTC retest I was talking about,” popular trader and analyst Rekt Capital meanwhile continued, striking an optimistic note.

“$BTC is currently successfully retesting the top of the Bull Flag price broke out from a few days ago. Hold here would be a good contributing sign for continuation.”

An accompanying chart showed BTC/USD close to resting on an important trend line on daily timeframes.

BTC/USD annotated chart. Source: Rekt Capital/ Twitter

A more cautious Daan Crypto Trades nonetheless flagged a tug-of-war between bulls and those simply trading the current range.

“Bitcoin Range Traders having the time of their lives while breakout traders are getting trapped on these range deviations/wicks,” part of commentary stated on the day.

“Likely to keep ranging until one side gives up.”

BTC/USD annotated chart. Source: Daan Crypto Trades/ Twitter

Earnings dominate macro debate

After a key week of macroeconomic data releases, the coming days are set to offer risk asset traders some comparative respite.

United States jobless claims and manufacturing figures will come toward the end of the week, but the macro focus will be elsewhere — specifically on earnings.

These are due, among others, from heavyweights Tesla and Netflix, as well as a slew of banks — all keenly watched by market participants in the wake of recent events.

“Earnings season is officially here,” financial commentary resource The Kobeissi Letter summarized.

Last week, Tedtalksmacro, a financial commentator also focusing on crypto, summed up the current environment as highly favorable to continued Bitcoin upside.

“Price breaking bear market structure, macro data trending favourably, momentum oscillators reset + USD liquidity higher than pre-tightening levels… Yet the majority continue to look for swing shorts to new lows,” he stated.

“~500 days of bear has created a strong recency bias…”

However, the picture appears muddier when it comes to stock markets themselves, with consensus among market participants being hard to ascertain.

Sven Henrich, CEO of NorthmanTrader, called for more proof of a breakout for the S&P 500 “bull market” narrative to become valid.

“Some day they will be correct, but in my view, based on history, a new bull market is not confirmed until $SPX moves above the monthly 20MA and SUSTAINS such a move, i.e. defends it as support,” part of a tweet read last week.

Henrich was considering a claim by Tom Lee, managing partner and the head of research at Fundstrat Global Advisors, who described bears as “trapped.”

“The other measure here is the weekly 100MA which is just above 4200. While developments have been technically bullish since the October lows markets are near these key resistance points with the $VIX on the floor of its multi year uptrend,” Henrich continued.

“Will recent liquidity injections, which have contributed to suppressed volatility, be enough to sustain a move above resistance as the economy is approaching a recession per the Fed staff? That’s the big question I suppose everybody has to ask themselves.”

S&P 500 vs. VIX volatility index chart. Source: Sven Henrich/ Twitter

Bitcoin mining difficulty eyes fifth record-high in a row

In what is becoming a bi-weekly regular, Bitcoin network fundamentals are offering nothing but new all-time highs.

This week, difficulty is due to inch higher — currently by an estimated 0.45% — according to estimates from monitoring resource BTC.com.

Bitcoin network fundamentals overview (screenshot). Source: BTC.com

This will mark the fifth increase in a row, which has not happened since February 2022.

Since the start of 2023 alone, over 4 trillion has been added to the difficulty tally, while the hash rate is also continually setting new highs.

Raw data from MiningPoolStats recently estimated the latest all-time high as 413.4 exahashes per second (EH/s) on April 15. On Jan. 1, the estimated hash rate was 285 EH/s.

Bitcoin hash rate raw data (screenshot). Source: MiningPoolStats

As Cointelegraph previously reported, however, hash rate changes in and of themselves may not be relevant as a yardstick for Bitcoin health if measured using exact figures.

As Jameson Lopp, co-founder and chief technology officer of Casa, stated in a new blog post released on the same date as the all-time high hash rate estimate, all may not be as it seems.

“Whenever you see someone claiming that a change in the network hashrate is newsworthy, you should always question the method and time range used to achieve the hashrate estimate,” he summarized after comparing various methods of hash rate estimation.

In Bitcoin, only old hands remain

As $30,000 appears and gets tested as support, the temptation to sell among those who weathered the 2022 bear market is increasing.

Mean on-chain transaction volumes have hit multimonth highs, according to data from analytics firm Glassnode.

BTC mean transaction volume. Source: Glassnode

Overall, more than three-quarters of the mined BTC supply is now in profit — the most in a year and arguably a clear incentive to take some of that profit off the table.

BTC % addresses in profit. Source: Glassnode

Analyzing market composition, Glassnode lead on-chain analyst Checkmate had some encouraging conclusions.

Long-term holders currently outnumber short-term holders or speculators significantly, with the 2022 bear market sparking a shakeout that has left the market more resilient to price fluctuations.

“Nobody except the hardcore HODLers remains, nobody knows we’re up 100% from the lows. They will probably only be back for real as we approach ATHs,” he predicted in part of a tweet this week.

Checkmate added that “Almost none of the folks who have been here for several months+, are spending right now.”

“They appear to require and demand higher prices before they sell. I certainly know do,” he wrote.

Crypto “greed” inches from November 2021 peak

Bitcoin may be far from its all-time high of $69,000, but one metric rapidly homing in on repeating the climate of November 2021 is the Crypto Fear & Greed Index.

Related: What is the Crypto Fear and Greed Index?

The return to $30,000 was marked by a rapid increase in “greed” throughout the crypto market, its data shows.

As of April 17, Fear & Greed scored 69/100, just 10% away from its 75/100 mark from when BTC/USD traded at its most recent peak.

Cointelegraph has often reported on the potentially overheated atmosphere within sentiment this year, and now nerves appear to be spreading.

“Now this isn’t a metric I swear by as it is lagging, but it gives a good indication of when to look to de-risk and be cautious,” popular trader Crypto Tony reasoned about the Index over the weekend.

“The last time we came up to the 75 region was back on November 7th 2021 when Bitcoin was trading at over $65,000. Food for thought.”

Crypto Fear & Greed Index (screenshot). Source: Alternative.me

The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the authors’ alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.

Bitcoin hash rate spikes as analysts say miners coming back online

Analysts are speculating that the Bitcoin hash rate has seen a significant spike recently as miners come back online to reap the rewards of the BTC price hike.

Bitcoin’s (BTC) hash rate spiked to all-time highs of 398 terahashes per second (TH/s) on March 23, with analysts speculating miners are starting to turn their rigs back on as BTC’s price rises.

According to data aggregator YCharts, the Bitcoin network hash rate dropped to 344.63 TH/s as of March 27, an increase from 335.32 TH/s on March 26, but still up from 178.77 TH/s one year ago.

In a March 26 post, Sam Wouters, a research analyst at Bitcoin financial service provider River Financial, speculated that the spike in hash rate is connected to unused mining inventory coming online, new facilities going live and entrepreneurs finding cheap sources of mining.

“While Bitcoin’s price was so low and as much inventory as possible was brought online last year, at some point, maximum capacity of what the network could handle was reached,” he said.

“Now that the price has been rising again and some time has passed, more of this inventory has been able to go online,” Wouters added.

In addition, Wouters says that Hydro models are starting to get into the market with “250+ TH/s per machine, which adds tremendous hash rate.“

A March 20 analysis from investment banking company Stifel shared a similar sentiment, speculating that the recent spike could be connected to miners bringing hardware back online.

“We anticipate overall network hash rate will continue to climb higher as a result of attractively priced hardware being bought up by well-capitalized miners.“

Speaking to Cointelegraph, Nazar Khan from Bitcoin mining company TeraWulf, explained the company is currently maximizing the hash rate of all its rigs and has recently brought more online at its new Nautilus Cryptomine facility. 

“Wulf has the opportunity to add 80 MW of capacity at LMD and 50 MW at Nautilus. The recent price movement is an indication of the long-term value of the ability to expand at low-cost energy sites,” Khan said.

According to Khan, while some have speculated the lower prices forced miners to shut down their rigs and wait for the BTC price to improve, TeraWulf was able to continue mining Bitcoin at lower price levels because of their lost cost from “efficient mining fleets.”

Related: Crypto miner explains how Bitcoin mining stabilizes grids

However, regardless of the reason for the spike, Khan says TeraWulf is not expecting the network hash rate to continue to increase through the first half of the year, irrespective of the BTC price.

“There is a lag between when investment decisions are made, and when that capacity comes online,” Khan explained.

Magazine: Best and worst countries for crypto taxes — plus crypto tax tips

Argo increases Bitcoin production despite BTC difficulty growth

Argo’s daily Bitcoin production rate in February surged 7% despite a 10% month-over-month increase in average network difficulty.

Publicly-listed Bitcoin (BTC) mining firm Argo Blockchain has increased its daily BTC production despite a significant spike in network difficulty.

During February, Argo mined 162 Bitcoin or BTC equivalents, translating to 5.7 BTC per day, which the firm announced in an operational update on March 7.

Argo’s daily Bitcoin production rate in February surged 7% from 5.4 BTC per day produced in January, despite a 10% month-over-month increase in average network difficulty.

Bitcoin mining difficulty is a measure defining how hard it is to mine a BTC block. A higher difficulty requires more hash rate or additional computing power to verify transactions and mine new coins.

According to data from Blockchain.com, BTC network difficulty surged to new all-time highs in February, hitting a difficulty rate of 43 trillion on Feb. 25.

Bitcoin difficulty historical chart. Source: Blockchain.com

The news comes amid the industry anticipating the next Bitcoin difficulty adjustment expected to occur on March 10. According to data from BTC.com, the next difficulty is estimated to reach 43.4 trillion.

Related: Argo Blockchain accused of misleading investors in class-action lawsuit

As previously reported, Argo Blockchain sold its flagship mining facility Helios to Mike Novogratz’s crypto investment firm Galaxy Digital amid the tough crypto market of 2022. Despite continuing to mine using Galaxy’s facility, Argo saw its BTC production drop after the sale. Months before the transaction, Argo’s monthly BTC mining generated more than 200 BTC.

Argo is not the only mining firm that seems unaffected by the BTC difficulty spike in February, with other miners like Cipher Mining producing 16% more Bitcoin over January. Marathon Digital also increased its average daily Bitcoin produced by 10% compared to January.

On the other hand, Hut 8 mining firm saw its daily Bitcoin production rate dropping from 6 BTC in January to 5.6 BTC in February.

You don’t see that every day: Bitcoin empty block found

Don’t be fooled by its emptiness: Block 776,339 plays as important a role as busier blocks in the Bitcoin blockchain.

Bitcoin (BTC) is known for its robustness, security and predictability. Every 10 minutes–on average–the blockchain produces a new block and the successful miner earns a block reward of 6.25 BTC, circa $130,000. 

However, every once in a while, the Bitcoin blockchain surprises observers and participants.

At block height 776,339, nodes across the network verified a completely empty block. The block was added to the Bitcoin blockchain with zero included transactions–leading to some confusion among the crypto community. So, what exactly is an empty block, and how does it happen?

Block expectation vs reality according to source: mempool.space

First, while an empty block might seem strange at first, it’s actually a normal occurrence on the network. The last time it occurred was little over two weeks ago, in block 774486.

Miners are incentivized to mine blocks as quickly as possible, and sometimes they will mine a block before they have received any transactions to include. When this happens, the block remains empty.

The Bitcoin mempool, the go-to space for analysing the Bitcoin blockchain offers the following explanation: “When a new block is found, mining pools send miners a block template with no transactions so they can start searching for the next block as soon as possible. They send a block template full of transactions right afterward, but a full block template is a bigger data transfer and takes slightly longer to reach miners.”

“In this intervening time, which is usually no more than 1-2 seconds, miners sometimes get lucky and find a new block using the empty block template.”

In essence, the miners “got lucky” by mining a template. In this instance, the Bitcoin block at height 776,389 was added mere seconds after its predecessor, 776,488. ‎However, Block 776,388 earned an extra 0.086 BTC or circa $1,854 in fees, which was added to the block reward of ‎6.25 BTC or circa $135,247.

Even though an empty block doesn’t contain any transactions, the miner still receives the block reward of newly minted bitcoins. As such, Block 776,389 was awarded 6.25 BTC; no transaction fees. Binance Pool was the winning miner, who contribute as much as 12% to t total hash rate.

Bitcoin mining pool ranking. Source: mempool.space

It’s important to note that empty blocks are not a problem for the network. By mining empty blocks, miners still produce the coin generation transaction, also known as the coinbase transaction, which keeps Bitcoin steady on its path to reaching 21 million Bitcoin issued. 

Related: Public miners increased Bitcoin production, hash rate in January

According to data from BitInfoCharts, the percentage of empty blocks on the network is usually around 1-2%. The stat is more surprising today given the rise of “ordinals” on Bitcoin, or the ability to permanently etch pictures, data and stamps onto the blockchain.

The rise in ordinals has provoked some questions and even concern among the Bitcoin community, and the first instances of pornography were recently recorded. The mempool has been increasingly busy and block space has been contested for as some jpeg enthusiasts scramble to contribute their art to the Bitcoin blockchain.

You don’t see that every day: Empty Bitcoin block found

Don’t be fooled by its emptiness: Block 776,339 plays as important a role as busier blocks in the Bitcoin blockchain.

Bitcoin is known for its robustness, security and predictability. Every 10 minutes — on average — the blockchain produces a new block, and the successful miner earns a block reward of 6.25 Bitcoin (BTC), around $130,000. 

However, every once in a while, the Bitcoin blockchain surprises observers and participants.

At block height 776,339, nodes across the network verified a completely empty block. The block was added to the Bitcoin blockchain with zero included transactions, leading to some confusion among the crypto community. So, what exactly is an empty block, and how does it happen?

Block expectation vs. reality. Source: Mempool.space

First, while an empty block might seem strange at first, it’s actually a normal occurrence on the network. The last time it occurred was a little over two weeks ago, in block 774,486.

Miners are incentivized to mine blocks as quickly as possible, and sometimes, they mine a block before they have received any transactions to include. When this happens, the block remains empty.

The Bitcoin mempool, the go-to space for analyzing the Bitcoin blockchain, offers the following explanation: “When a new block is found, mining pools send miners a block template with no transactions so they can start searching for the next block as soon as possible. They send a block template full of transactions right afterward, but a full block template is a bigger data transfer and takes slightly longer to reach miners.”

“In this intervening time, which is usually no more than 1–2 seconds, miners sometimes get lucky and find a new block using the empty block template.”

In essence, the miners “got lucky” by mining a template. In this instance, the Bitcoin block at height 776,389 was added mere seconds after its predecessor, 776,488. ‎However, block 776,388 earned an extra 0.086 BTC or $1,854 in fees, which was added to the block reward of ‎6.25 BTC or $135,247.

Even though an empty block doesn’t contain any transactions, the miner still receives the block reward of the newly minted Bitcoin. As such, block 776,389 was awarded 6.25 BTC — no transaction fees. Binance Pool was the winning miner, which contributes as much as 12% to the total hash rate.

Bitcoin mining pool ranking. Source: Mempool.space

It’s important to note that empty blocks are not a problem for the network. By mining empty blocks, miners still produce the coin generation transaction, also known as the coinbase transaction, which keeps Bitcoin steady on its path to reaching 21 million BTC issued. 

Related: Public miners increased Bitcoin production, hash rate in January

According to data from BitInfoCharts, the percentage of empty blocks on the network is usually around 1%–2%. The stat is more surprising today, given the rise of “ordinals” on Bitcoin, or the ability to permanently etch pictures, data and stamps onto the blockchain.

The rise in ordinals has provoked some questions and even concern among the Bitcoin community, and the first instances of pornography were recently recorded. The mempool has been increasingly busy, and block space has been contested for as some JPEG enthusiasts scramble to contribute their art to the Bitcoin blockchain.

Public miners increased Bitcoin production, hash rate in January

Core Scientific, Riot, and CleanSpark led the way in increasing Bitcoin production in January helped by better weather conditions and stable electricity prices.

The first production update of 2023 from publicly listed Bitcoin (BTC) mining companies shows a steady increase in hash rate and a surge in BTC production compared to the previous month, according to a new analysis from Hashrate Index. 

The majority of public miners increased their bitcoin production in January, with CleanSpark boosting it by 50%, reaching a record monthly production of 697 Bitcoins. Leading the BTC production, Core Scientific reached 1,527 coins mined in January, followed by Riot, the second-biggest producer, mining 740 Bitcoins in the month.

Marathon and Cipher have seen significant increases in Bitcoin production, reaching 687 and 343 Bitcoins generated, respectively, compared to 475 and 225 in December.

Public Miners: Monthly Bitcoin Production. Source: Hashrate Index and Luxor

According to Bitcoin mining analyst Jaran Mellerud, better weather conditions in January and stable electricity prices helped miners boost production. “In December, a winter storm swept the North American continent and led to surging electricity prices that periodically forced many of these companies to curtail operations. With the weather more benevolent in January, electricity prices stabilized, and miners were able to achieve a higher up-time.”

Hash rate increased for most public miners in January, but at a slower pace than expected. The exception is Texas-based Cipher, which boosted its hash rate by more than 50%, with a 4.3 EH/s. “Cipher has been building hard during this bear market, and I expect the company to reach its hashrate goal of 6 EH/s of self-mining capacity by the end of Q1 2023,” wrote Mellerud.

CleanSpark also grew its hash rate to 6.6 EH/s from 6.2 EH/s in December, following a series of acquisitions in late 2022. Hive also recorded growth in January, with its hash rate increasing by nearly 30%, from 2.1 to 2.7 EH/s. “The company keeps replacing its GPU fleet with ASICs, primarily with its in-house designed Buzzminers,” Mellerud said of Hive.

Public Miners: Self-Mining Hashrate. Source: Hashrate Index and Luxor

Core Scientific also continued growing its hash rate, reaching 17 EH/s in January from 15.7 in December. The figures, however, are expected to be impacted by the company’s bankruptcy proceedings, which include a deal with the New York Digital Investment Group (NYDIG) to pay off an outstanding debt of $38.6 million by handing over more than 27,000 mining machines used as collateral – representing 18% of Core Scientific rigs.

Core Scientific filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on Dec. 21, seeking to reorganize its debts after months of financial distress due to increased electricity costs and low Bitcoin prices.

Mellerud also pointed out that “these companies have, on several occasions, extended the timeline of their lofty hashrate expansion goals. Most of them have plans to drastically increase their operating hashrate by the end of Q2 this year. At the current rate, most of them will likely have to push their expansion plans further into the future.”

Bitcoin price is up, but BTC mining stocks could remain vulnerable throughout 2023

Bitcoin miners have been under duress for more than a year and even with BTC price trading at $24,000, BTC mining stocks could still face challenges throughout 2023.

Bitcoin (BTC) mining stocks usually follow BTC’s price because it directly influences company earnings. These stocks were beaten down heavily in the last quarter of 2022, especially in  December. The downturn after FTX’s collapse worsened with the bankruptcy filing of the largest U.S.-based Bitcoin mining company, Core Scientific.

During this time, other mining stocks, like Marathon Digital Holdings (MARA) in the chart below, exhibited a weak correlation with Bitcoin’s price, suggesting that December’s downturn was probably overblown.

MARA/USD price chart with MARA-BTC Correlation Coefficient index. Source: TradingView

The negative trend reversed at the start of 2023 as most mining stocks posted impressive gains. The Hashrate Index mining stock index, which tracks the average price of publicly listed mining and hardware manufacturing companies, increased by 62.5% year-to-date. The positive price spike also restored the strong correlation between BTC price and mining stocks.

However, the mining industry remains under stress, with low profit levels expected for prolonged periods. Since Q2 2022, mining companies have funded operations by selling BTC from reserves, selling newly mined BTC, raising debt and issuing new shares. Unless Bitcoin’s price consolidates above $25,000, the industry will likely witness a few takeover attempts or further treasury sales to pay off debt.

Some mining companies are operating at a loss

Currently, the top mining companies’ price-to-earnings (PE) ratio is negative, suggesting that they’re operating at a net loss, making their stock prices vulnerable to steep downturns.

Riot Blockchain, Bitfarms Ltd, Hive Blockchain Technologies, Cleanspark Inc, Marathon Digital Holdings and Hut 8 Mining are the largest publicly traded Bitcoin mining companies with over 1% of the global hash rate share. The top 15 public mining companies have a combined share of around 19%.

Market share of Bitcoin mining companies by hashrate. Source: TheMinerMag

Notably, the PE ratio of most companies in the industry is between 0 and 2, except for Marathon, Hive and Hut 8. This raises alarms that these companies could be overvalued at their current valuations.

Price-to-earning ratio of top mining companies Source: CompaniesMarketCap.com

A net loss position is no reason to reject a stock because markets are usually forward-looking. If one is long-term bullish on Bitcoin, the mining stocks are obvious choices. However, these companies must survive through the bear market before bearing the fruits of the next bull run. 

Shareholders suffered losses due to bad debt and dilution

Overleveraged or indebted firms that have to meet their interest obligations are particularly stressed and vulnerable to insolvency.

Marathon, Greenidge and Stronghold have over $200,000 in debt per unit of Bitcoin mining, with Marathon’s debt peaking at $1.1 million per mined BTC. Marathon collateralized its loans with Bitcoin in its treasury, and the firm now holds 10,055 BTC worth around $235 million.

By the end of October, Marathon had$100 million in loans, which risks getting liquidated if Bitcoin’s price falls below the loan threshold value. For instance, if the loan threshold is 150%, the company will be forced to sell some of its BTC to clear the loans if Bitcoin price drops below $15,000.

Debt per BTC produced by mining companies. Source: TheMinerMag

In this regard, it is encouraging to see that Hive, Hut8 and Riot are mostly debt-free and functioning essentially on equity capital. This reduces the pressure of paying interest rates on the debt and provides flexibility in raising funds or expanding by absorbing some of the market share left by now-bankrupt mining operations.

However, there’s another way to raise funds. Instead of raising debt, miners can dilute their shares. The companies raise investment from public market investors in exchange for additional stock. This reduces the ownership ratio of shareholders. Hut 8 mining and Riot had diluted north of 40% of their shares by Q2 2022. Hut 8 diluted around 15% of shares again in the third quarter of the same year.

Share dilution of public mining companies by Q2 2022. Source: Hashrate Index

The need to raise money has exposed these indebted companies to liquidation risks, while excess dilutions have also significantly reduced the value of investor holdings.

Related: Bitcoin miners’ worst days may have passed, but a few key hurdles remain

Mining company mandates on treasury holdings

While mining companies are struggling with profitability, they are determined to conserve their Bitcoin treasury levels. Despite suffering losses since Q2 2022, Marathon was able to retain its treasury holding levels.

Marathon’s Bitcoin Treasury holdings. Source: BitcoinTreasuries!Net

At the same time, Hut 8 mining uses a more aggressive policy in selling its mined BTC. This has led to a strong increase in its holdings since mid-2022. 

8Hut’s Treasury has increased since July 2021. Source: BitcoinTreasuries!Net

Whereas others like Riot and Hive have resorted to using their BTC treasury to cover operational and expansion costs. Hive’s holdings have reduced significantly since the third quarter of 2022, from 4,032 BTC to 2,348 BTC. Hive is relying on the expansion of its miner fleet and cost reductions to sustain itself.

Clearly, Bitcoin mining companies remain vulnerable to BTC price, debt liquidations and shareholder losses due to excess dilution. According to on-chain analyst and Crypto Quant founder Ki Young Ju, 2023 will see entities taking over entire mining companies with a chance to buy them at a discount.

While this won’t affect Bitcoin price much, mining stocks are still exposed to the threat of considerable losses.

The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the authors’ alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.

Bitcoin mining revenue jumps up 50% to $23M in one month

As Bitcoin remains well-positioned for a steady recovery, the mining industry witnessed a 50% growth in revenue in terms of U.S. dollars.

As Bitcoin (BTC) shows a minor bull run, the connected mining ecosystems’ year-long struggle for survival has started to pay off. In the first month of 2023, the Bitcoin mining community experienced a 50% increase in revenue through mining rewards and transaction fees.

On Dec. 28, 2022, Bitcoin mining revenue dipped to $13.6 million for the first time since October 2020. This, coupled with rising energy prices amid geopolitical tensions, imposed tremendous financial pressure on mining companies, forcing some to shut down.

As Bitcoin remains well-positioned for a steady recovery, the mining industry witnessed a 50% growth in revenue in terms of U.S. dollars, as shown below.

Bitcoin mining revenue increased by 50% in January 2023. Source: Blockchain.com

Bitcoin mining revenue jumped from $15.3 million on Jan. 1 to nearly $23 million in the span of 30 days.

As more miners join to power and secure the decentralized Bitcoin network, the hash rate continues to reach new all-time highs. At the time of writing, the Bitcoin hash rate stood at around 300 exahashes-per-second.

Related: Bitcoin stays out of fear for 11 straight days as price tips near 24K

One of the biggest criticism of Bitcoin remains the high energy requirement for running the proof-of-work consensus mechanism. In October 2022, Cointelegraph reported that Bitcoin witnessed a 41% increase in energy consumption year-on-year.

However, a drive for sourcing greener energy to power Bitcoin mining facilities aims to solve the predicament. A mining company recently tapped into a source of stranded energy in Malawi, a landlocked country in southeastern Africa.

As Cointelegraph reported, the project — undertaken by Gridless — uses 50 kilowatts of stranded energy to test out as a new Bitcoin mining site.

Speaking about the overall impact of the initiative, Erik Hersman, co-founder and CEO of Gridless, stated, “The power developer had built these powerhouses a few years ago, but they weren’t able to expand to more families because they’re barely profitable and couldn’t afford to buy more meters to connect more families. So, our deal allowed for them to immediately buy 200 more meters to connect more families.”

In addition, the environmental footprint of the Bitcoin mining facility is low as it runs purely off river-based hydropower.

Bitcoin hash rate taps new milestone with miner hodling at 1-year low

Data shows that Bitcoin miners’ BTC reserves are at their lowest since December 2021, despite a dramatic hash rate renaissance.

Bitcoin (BTC) is seeing new records in network activity as volatility sends BTC price action to fresh five-month highs.

Data from resources including MiningPoolStats confirms that Bitcoin’s hash rate hit new all-time highs on Jan. 26.

Hash rate passes 300 EH/s threshold

In another example of Bitcoin’s blitz recovery from the pits of post-FTX woes, network hashing power is now bigger than ever.

Hash rate, which is an expression of the processing power dedicated to the network by miners, is currently at 321 exahashes-per-second (EH/s), according to MiningPoolStats raw data.

Bitcoin hash rate raw data chart (screenshot). Source: MiningPoolStats

Despite being only an estimate and impossible to measure entirely accurately, the latest readings are quite the feat, having never crossed the 300 EH/s level before.

Mining firm Braiins likewise confirmed the numbers in its live reporting feed.

Other trackers from BTC.com and Blockchain.com have slightly lower estimates, both being around 275 EH/s on the day. The latter shows hash rate hitting an all-time high of 276.8 EH/s on Jan. 20.

Bitcoin hash rate chart (screenshot). Source: Blockchain

“Your wealth is more secure than ever!” popular commentator BTC Archive wrote in part of a Twitter response to the data, indicative of improving sentiment across the Bitcoin space.

Hash rate is a key component of Bitcoin security and significant drawdowns result in network difficulty rising to entice more miners to participate.

Network difficulty is also set to reach levels never seen before this week in a nod to fierce competition in the mining sector.

According to data from BTC.com, the next automated readjustment will send difficulty an estimated 2.75% higher to 38.62 trillion.

The previous readjustment delivered a 10.26% increase, Bitcoin’s largest since October 2022 and only the second double-digit hike since mid-2021.

Bitcoin network fundamentals overview (screenshot). Source: BTC.com

Miners get chance to balance books

Analyzing the climate, CoinLupin, a contributor at on-chain data platform CryptoQuant, warned that miners are still selling their BTC reserves, possibly to shore up capital in the event of a market reversal.

Related: Bitcoin faces ‘considerable danger’ from Fed in 2023 — Lyn Alden

“Now they have improved profitability for the first time in a while, and mining costs are lower than Bitcoin prices. Normally, more active mining and holding could occur, but now they seem to see it as an opportunity to secure cash,” he wrote in a blog post, describing reserves as “declining at a rapid” pace.

“One day price adjustment could happen in the section where they get enough cash and start collecting Bitcoin again. They constantly reduce their Bitcoin holdings during the rise.”

CryptoQuant’s miner position index, which measures BTC outflows to exchanges from miner wallets relative to their one-year moving average, has captured several withdrawal spikes since Jan. 14.

Bitcoin miner position index chart. Source: CryptoQuant

At 1,837,138 BTC, miners’ reserves currently stand at their lowest since December 2021.

Bitcoin miner reserve chart. Source: CryptoQuant

The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the authors’ alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.

BTC metrics exit capitulation — 5 things to know in Bitcoin this week

Bitcoin retains higher levels after gaining 40% or more this month, but concerns of a BTC price correction are never far away.

Bitcoin (BTC) starts the last week of January in fine form after sealing its highest weekly close in five months. 

Despite opposition, the largest cryptocurrency is holding on to its newfound strength and continues to surprise market participants.

This is no mean feat — market sentiment has plenty to spook it and initiate a rethink among investors. Macro conditions remain uncertain, while within Bitcoin, research has highlighted whales on exchanges potentially moving prices artificially with huge amounts of liquidity.

Nonetheless, Bitcoin has seen its most impressive gains percentage-wise in over a year, and hopes remain that the good times will endure. What could that depend on?

Cointelegraph takes a look at some of the major factors to keep in mind as a January unlike any other draws to a close.

Bitcoin analysts bank on “continuation” to come

It is no secret that Bitcoin is facing its fair share of suspicion as it delivers 40% gains over just three weekly candles.

Demands for a major correction and continuation of the bear market have long been public, and some of the more conservative trading voices insist that macro lows are not yet in.

That inflection point has still not materialized, however. At its latest weekly candle close, BTC/USD traded at just above $22,700, marking its best performance since last summer.

Thereafter, the pair consolidated into the start of Monday, likewise retaining ground recovered over the week.

“Lows swept, juicy highs above, would be the perfect time to put in a nice running flat before continuation up,” trader Credible Crypto summarized about the short-term outlook.

Credible Crypto’s is characteristic of some of the more bullish takes on the market, less concerned by the idea that the whole move may simply be a relief rally within a broader bearish structure.

“Total market capitalization broke through the 200-Day EMA,” a similarly optimistic Michaël van de Poppe, Cointelegraph contributor and CEO of trading firm Eight, added at the weekend, referring to exponential moving averages.

“Good signs for crypto, as continuation seems likely. In between continuation to $25K or a correction to $19.5K. To continue -> hold above 200-Day EMA and break resistance. 200-Day EMA potential entry point.”

The 200-day EMA stood at $21,056 at the time of writing, according to data from Cointelegraph Markets Pro and TradingView.

BTC/USD 1-day candle chart (Bitstamp) with 200EMA. Source: TradingView

More conservative appraisals of the situation focused among other things on exchange order book composition.

In its latest analysis, Material Indicators noted BTC price action rising and falling as major area of bid liquidity came and went on Binance.

“The BTC buy wall at 20,200 has been moved to push price up to test resistance on the trend line,” part of commentary stated.

“I don’t trust this entity at $22k any more than I did at $20k, but happy to trade in their wake.”

BTC/USD order book data (Binance). Source: Material Indicators/ Twitter

A further post doubled down on a previous assertion that price action was being “choreographed” and giving no attention to surrounding industry news, notably the bankruptcy of crypto lending firm, Genesis Trading.

“Fundamentally nothing has changed, yet BTC is testing macro level resistance. Meanwhile, some of the largest institutions in crypto are headed for bankruptcy. Probably nothing,” Material Indicators tweeted.

Macro optimism creeps back in

Macro analysis shows a similar split among those involved in crypto markets themselves.

With the United States Federal Reserve’s latest decision on interest rate hikes due Feb. 1, sources are reading into falling inflation in increasingly diverging ways.

Meanwhile, the 2023 World Economic Forum, despite some crypto opposition, failed to dent sentiment significantly.

For Dan Tapiero, founder and CEO of 10T Holdings, it is simply a question of how bullishly risk assets will respond to changing tides at the Fed as it loosens monetary policy in future.

“How will Fed respond when inflation goes below 0? A long good year coming for BTC ETH gold,” he told Twitter followers.

“USD bear mkt and 10yrs below 3% to support main trends. Digital asset ecosystem (DAE) to thrive as clearing prices reached without government support. Free markets work!”

That position is conspicuously unlike some other popular takes, in particular last week’s predictions from ex-BitMEX CEO, Arthur Hayes. The Fed pivot on rates, he warned, will come with dire losses for crypto before the recovery sets in.

Credible Crypto, meanwhile, also sees no reason not to be bullish on risk assets now.

“Talks of rate hikes slowing to 25 basis points as inflation decreases for 6 consecutive months, meanwhile the $SPX has made a picture perfect retest of prior ATH and looks ready to head back up. All that panic and fear, for what?” he queried on Jan. 23.

S&P 500 annotated chart. Source: Credible Crypto/ Twitter

The last week of the month meanwhile contains various potential short-term market triggers in the form of U.S. macro data releases.

These include GDP growth on Jan. 26 and the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) index on Jan. 27.

DXY swoons as support nowhere to be seen

On a related macro note, special attention arguably deserves to be given to the fate of the U.S. dollar this week.

As crypto markets rally, dollar strength is crashing, swiftly losing ground won during its surge to twenty-year highs last year.

The U.S. dollar index (DXY) is typically inversely correlated to risk asset performance, and Bitcoin has shown itself to be particularly sensitive to major moves.

Currently, DXY is trading at around 101.7, having tested 101.5 — more than six-month lows — for a second time this week. After losing it as support at the end of November, the index’s 200-day moving average has acted as resistance since.

“Don’t need much else to tell you what happens next The biggest short squeeze markets have ever seen is upon us,” entrepreneur and crypto commentator “Coosh” Alemzadeh thus declared alongside a chart comparing DXY to Bitcoin and Nasdaq performance at the weekend.

The dollar’s decline versus Chinese bonds also caught the attention of popular analyst TechDev, who showed that impulse moves on Bitcoin top out within a year of a key level being breeched on Chinese ten-year bonds.

“New multi-month lows for the U.S. Dollar Index DXY, after getting rejected perfectly on the horizontal support/resistance range & the 200 day moving average cloud,” Caleb Franzen, Senior market analyst at Cubic Analytics, added.

“That rejection was the moment I realized & accepted that momentum was biased to the downside.”

U.S. dollar index (DXY) 1-day candle chart with 200MA. Source: TradingView

On-chain metrics emerge from the abyss

Bitcoin really is in the midst of a renaissance, on-chain data is concluding.

Compiled by analytics firm Glassnode, multiple classic indicators of Bitcoin market health are now exiting their capitulation zones.

These include — perhaps unsurprisingly given the 40% upside move this month — the amount of the BTC supply held at a profit and loss.

Net unrealized profit/loss (NUPL) is now out of its lowest boundary and heading towards better profitability, despite notably not dipping as low as during the pits of prior bear markets.

Bitcoin net unrealized profit/loss (NUPL) chart. Source: Glassnode

As Glassnode confirms, this applies equality to short-term holder (STH) and long-term holder (LTH) NUPL. The two classes of Bitcoin investor are described as entities holding coins for less than or more than 155 days, respectively.

Similarly bullish is Bitcoin’s market value to realized value Z-score (MVRV-Z), which measures “the ratio between the difference of market cap and realized cap, and the standard deviation of all historical market cap data, i.e. (market cap – realized cap) / std(market cap),” or “when Bitcoin is over/undervalued relative to its ‘fair value.’” as Glassnode explains.

MVRV-Z has now left its green “undervalued” zone for the first time since a brief spike in early November, also marking its first such move since the FTX debacle.

“MVRV Z-Score just dragged itself out of the green accumulation zone,” Philip Swift, co-founder of trading suite Decentrader, confirmed last week.

Bitcoin MVRV-Z score chart. Source: Glassnode

Bitcoin mining hash rate, difficulty at all-time highs

It is already time for another Bitcoin network difficulty adjustment, and this week should preserve existing all-time highs.

Related: Bitcoin due new ‘big rally’ as RSI copies 2018 bear market recovery

According to estimates from BTC.com, difficulty will edge up by approximately 0.5% in six days’ time.

Bitcoin network fundamentals overview (screenshot). Source: BTC.com

This will add an incremental cherry on the cake to a mining sector already in the midst of major flux. Despite recent low prices, competition among miners has surged this month, adding pressure to those unable to keep costs to a minimum.

Glassnode additionally shows that versus thirty days ago, miners on aggregate hold less BTC. It was at that time that price gains began to materialize.

Bitcoin 30-day miner net position change chart. Source: Glassnode

Raw data from MiningPoolStats meanwhile puts Bitcoin’s hash rate — an estimate of processing power dedicated to mining — also at new all-time highs.

Bitcoin hash rate raw data chart (screenshot). Source: MiningPoolStats

The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the authors’ alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.