Do Kwon

FBI, NY authorities probes collapse of TerraUSD stablecoin: Report

The controversial founder of Terraform Labs, Do Kwon, is at the center of the investigation, despite being believed to be hiding out in Serbia.

The United States Justice Department is reportedly investigating the collapse of the TerraClassicUSD (USTC) stablecoin, which contributed to a $40 billion wipeout in the Terra ecosystem last May.

Two agencies within the department — the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York — have interrogated former staff at Terraform Labs in recent weeks, according to a March 13 The Wall Street Journal report.

The probe covers similar ground to a lawsuit filed against Terraform Labs and its founder Do Kwon by the U.S. Securities Exchange Commission on Feb. 16, according to people familiar with the matter.

Among topics that investigators have asked about was the relationship between Chai, a South Korean-based payment platform, and the Terra blockchain on which USTC operated.

The SEC alleged in its filing alleged that Kwon misled investors into believing that Chai transactions were processed on the Terra blockchain.

Do Kwon speaking at a conference about Terra before LUNC and USTC collapsed. Source: Terra

The SEC in its lawsuit also accused Kwon of misleading investors about the risks of the algorithmic-based stablecoin, which is designed to be pegged 1:1 to the U.S. dollar.

It is unclear what specific charges the Justice Department is potentially pursuing. The investigation does not necessarily mean that charges will be filed. 

Related: Do Kwon had the right idea, banks are risk to fiat-backed stablecoins — CZ

Since the collapse, Kwon reportedly left South Korea for Singapore, Dubai, and now Serbia, where he is now believed to be, according to South Korean officials. Two South Korean authorities were recently sent to Serbia to find Kwon but were unsuccessful in their search attempts.

Kwon, however, claims he is not “on the run” despite the South Korean prosecutors issuing Kwon an arrest warrant on Sept. 14 and a red notice filed by Interpol, the global law enforcement agency, on Sept. 26.

Kwon told podcaster Laura Shin in October that he hasn’t seen a copy of the South Korean arrest warrant, and has continued to deny fraud allegations on social media.

Meanwhile, New York prosecutors are understood to be investigating a series of chat-group investigations from former members at Jump Trading, Jane Street and Alameda Research, Bloomberg reported on March 13. Alameda filed for bankruptcy alongside FTX in November.

The investigation is reportedly looking into whether market manipulation tactics were involved in the TerraUSD stablecoin project.

Cointelegraph reached out to Terraform Labs but did not receive an immediate response.

Do Kwon removed 10K Bitcoin from Terra after collapse — Takeaways from SEC complaint

The SEC complaint included allegations around claims of TerraUSD’s peg, Terra’s relationship to Chai, and co-founder Do Kwon cashing out for millions.

A complaint filed by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission said Terra co-founder Do Kwon and Terraform Labs laundered more than $100 million worth of Bitcoin from the platform following its collapse in May 2022.

According to the SEC complaint filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York on Feb. 16, Kwon and Terraform have transferred more than 10,000 Bitcoin (BTC) from the platform and the Luna Foundation Guard to a cold wallet, then to a Swiss bank account to convert to fiat. The financial regulator said that the Terra co-founder and his company might have access to more than $100 million in cash since withdrawals started in June 2022.

In addition to identifying the stockpile of Bitcoin, the SEC said Kwon and Terra artificially restored TerraUSD’s (UST) dollar peg — the stablecoin had been one of the largest by market capitalization at the time the platform collapsed. According to the complaint, the platform solicited a third party to purchase “massive amounts of UST to restore the $1.00 peg” when it dropped below $1 in May 2021, misleading investors as to its stability and reliability:

“UST’s price falling below its $1.00 ‘peg’ and not quickly being restored by the algorithm would spell doom for the entire Terraform ecosystem, given that UST and LUNA had no reserve of assets or any other backing.”

The SEC also claimed several of the tokens involved in the collapse of Terra were “crypto asset securities” falling under its regulatory purview. According to the SEC, these tokens included UST, LUNA and wrapped LUNA, as well as MIR tokens and mAssets developed under Terra’s Mirror Protocol.

“Defendants solicited investors for these crypto assets by touting their profit potential,” said the SEC. “Defendants repeatedly stated that the crypto assets would increase in value based on Terraform’s development, maintenance, and promotion of its blockchain, protocols, and the entire Terraform ecosystem.”

Terra’s business connections were also a target of the financial regulator, as the SEC reported Chai — a South Korean payment app linked to Terra at the time — “did not process or settle transactions on the Terraform blockchain.” Rather, Terra allegedly reported transactions “that had already happened in the real world using Korean Won” while claiming to the public that Chai transacted on the blockchain.

“In at least five instances between October 2021 and March 2022, there were one or more days when no transactions whatsoever were confirmed on the Terraform blockchain,” said the SEC. “Yet, there is no evidence that the Chai payment application was not functioning during those periods.”

Related: ‘Wild’ — SEC going after Terra sparks responses from crypto lawyers

Kwon has continued to be active on his Twitter account following the collapse of Terra despite many crypto users blaming him for their loss of funds and the seeming “ripple event” leading to multiple bankruptcies amid the crypto crash of 2022. South Korean authorities reportedly sent two officials to Serbia in an attempt to track down the Terra co-founder. At the time of publication, Kwon’s location i unknown.

Terra lawsuit a ‘roadmap’ to attack other stablecoins: Delphi Labs

Delphi Lab’s general counsel said the SEC was being “more thorough than usual” in its lawsuit against Terraform Labs and its co-founder Do Kwon.

The United States Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC’s) lawsuit against Terraform Labs and its co-founder Do Kwon could be seen as an SEC “roadmap” to taking down other stablecoins, according to a lawyer.

Gabriel Shapiro, general counsel at investment firm Delphi Labs, explained to his 33,800 Twitter followers on Feb. 16 that the SEC’s arguments in its complaint against Kwon and Terraform were “more thorough than usual.”

Shapiro’s analysis follows the SEC’s Feb. 16 lawsuit against Kwon and Terraform, alleging they “orchestrate[d] a multi-billion dollar crypto asset securities fraud involving an algorithmic stablecoin and other crypto asset securities.”

Shapiro suggested the case could serve as a “roadmap” for how the regulator may sue other stablecoin issuers in the future. He acknowledged the SEC made the case that Terra’s algorithmic stablecoin, TerraClassicUSD (USTC), formerly TerraUSD (UST), constitutes a security:

“[The SEC] will allege that integration, promotion, marketing, commercial deals etc building the stablecoin ecosystems are ‘efforts of others’ that are ‘reasonably expected’ and can lead to profits in connection with the stables.”

He pointed out the SEC applied the four prongs of the Howey test to argue that USTC, Terra Classic (LUNC) — formerly called Terra (LUNA) — and Wrapped LUNA Classic (WLUNC) all constituted securities under U.S. securities laws.

Delphi Labs General Counsel Gabriel Shapiro’s take on the SEC’s lawsuit against Terraform Labs and its CEO Do Kwon. Source: Twitter.

The SEC also argued that Terraform Labs breached U.S. securities laws by launching the Mirror Protocol, which allowed its users to create what Terraform called a “mAsset” — a crypto version of an asset that “mirrors” the price behavior of other assets such as stocks.

The regulator claimed Terraform Labs committed this securities-based swap through the Mirror Protocol (MIR) token — which Shapiro believes to be a “first” in cryptocurrency-related lawsuits filed by the SEC.

Shapiro noted the SEC’s claim that wLUNA constituted a “receipt” for a security was another “first.”

Delphi Labs general counsel Gabriel Shapiro’s analysis on the SEC’s lawsuit filing against Terraform Labs and its CEO Do Kwon. Source: Twitter.

Ryan Sean Adams, the host of the crypto-oriented podcast Bankless, made a similar argument to his 221,300 Twitter followers on Feb. 16, noting that a legal victory against Terraform Labs would make it easier to go after other stablecoin issuers.

The Terra-linked tokens infamously crashed in May 2022, which was partly triggered when USTC lost its peg to the U.S. dollar. As LUNC was closely linked to USTC, its price fell by almost 100% and triggered a wider downturn in the crypto markets, wiping out approximately $40 billion.

Related: Why the SEC wants to ban crypto staking and stablecoins under scrutiny — watch the Market Report live

Kwon maintains that he is not “on the run” and is believed to reside in Serbia, according to South Korean officials who issued a warrant for his arrest.

Earlier in February, two South Korean prosecutors flew to the Balkan state to find Kwon; however, the search attempt was unsuccessful.

Cointelegraph contacted Terraform Labs for comment on the lawsuit but received no response by publication time.

Breaking: SEC sues Do Kwon and Terraform Labs for fraud

“We allege that Terraform and Do Kwon failed to provide the public with full, fair, and truthful disclosure as required for a host of crypto asset securities,” said SEC chair Gary Gensler.

The United States Securities and Exchange Commission has filed a lawsuit against Terraform Labs and its founder, Do Kwon, for allegedly “orchestrating a multi-billion dollar crypto asset securities fraud.”

In a Feb. 16 statement, the SEC said that Kwon and Terraform offered and sold an “inter-connected suite of crypto asset securities, many in unregistered transactions.” The agency pointed to Terraform Labs’ now-collapsed algorithmic stablecoin, TerraClassicUSD (USTC), and its connected cryptocurrency, Terra Luna Classic (LUNC).

The SEC also took issue with mAssets, crypto derivatives that mirror the stock price of publicly listed companies, and Terraform’s issuance of Mirror (MIR), a governance token for the Mirror protocol that lists mAssets.

SEC chair Gary Gensler said in a statement that Kwon and Terraform “failed to provide the public with full, fair, and truthful disclosure,” particularly for USTC and LUNC, which were formerly named Terra (LUNA) and TerraUSD (UST). Gensler added:

“We also allege that they committed fraud by repeating false and misleading statements to build trust before causing devastating losses for investors.”

The SEC filed a 55-page complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York with charges relating to violations of the registration and anti-fraud provisions of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.

In the complaint, the SEC said that Terraform and Kwon “touted and marketed” its Anchor Protocol, which at one point was advertised to pay out 20% interest on USTC deposits. It also alleged Terraform and Kwon misled investors about the stability of Terra’s stablecoin.

Related: Korean e-commerce exec accused of accepting LUNA for shilling Terra Labs

Last May, USTC lost its peg to the U.S. dollar, causing its price — and the price of LUNC — to effectively collapse to zero. This resulted in a wider collapse in the digital asset market that wiped out an estimated value of $40 billion.

A one-year chart of USTC’s price showing the rapid depeg event in May. Source: Coingecko

Gensler commended the SEC’s staff on their investigation, adding: “The defendants attempted to prevent us from obtaining important information about their business.”

“This case demonstrates the lengths to which some crypto firms will go to avoid complying with the securities laws,” he added.

Kwon, a South-Korean national, is currently at large and believed to be in Serbia after leaving his residence in Singapore sometime in September following a Seoul court issuing an arrest warrant for him. Interpol reportedly issued a Red Notice for Kwon to law enforcement worldwide later in September.

Kwon has denied he’s hiding from authorities and Terraform have claimed South Korea’s case against Kwon is “highly politicized.”

Cointelegraph contacted Terraform Labs for comment but did not receive an immediate response. Do Kwon could not be reached for comment.

South Korean officials traveled to Serbia to find Do Kwon

South Korean authorities have previously requested cooperation from the Serbian government to bring Kwon back.

The hunt for the controversial founder of the now-collapsed Terra ecosystem, Do Kwon, has intensified with South Korean officials reportedly confirming they sent at least two people to Serbia to track him down.

According to a Feb. 7 Bloomberg report, the prosecutor’s office in Seoul said the reports “aren’t false” regarding members of its team trekking out to the Balkan state to find Kwon.

It appears at least two state officials went — one from the prosecutor’s office and the otherfrom South Korea’s Justice Ministry.

Do Kwon speaking at a conference about Terra before the ecosys. Source: Terra.

South Korean-based publication Chosun Media reported on Dec. 11 that a state intelligence official informed them that Kwon had based himself in Serbia.

There is currently no extradition treaty between South Korea and Serbia.

This likely made Serbia a great hideout spot for Kwon, according to a recent opinion article from Minso Kim, a writer for the South Korean publication Chosun Media.

South Korea has however stripped Kwon of his passport, which may make future travel more difficult.

Kwon has been accused of being on the run since Sept. 14, when South Korean prosecutors issued an arrest warrant against him, an accusation that he denied in October.

The 31-year-old fallen entrepreneur has also been accused of breaching capital markets laws.

While Kwon is known to be a prolific tweeter, he went nearly two months without tweeting or retweeting a single post — causing some to speculate what the controversial figure has been up to.

But Kwon recently responded to an evocative tweet targeted at him, stating that he hasn’t stolen any money and has never had any “secret cashouts.”

To date, Kwon denies any wrongdoing.

Related: Terraform Labs claims case against Do Kwon is ‘highly politicized’: WSJ

The collapse of the Terra ecosystem was in part triggered by the de-peg of its TerraClassicUSD (USTC) algorithmic stablecoin, UST. Terra Classic (LUNC) was closely linked to the stablecoin, with that too falling close to 100%.

Approximately $60 billion worth of value was wiped out of the ecosystem.

Cointelegraph reached out to Terraform Labs and the South Korean Prosecutor’s office for comment but did not receive an immediate response.

10 crypto tweets that aged like milk: 2022 edition

Sam Bankman-Fried, Do Kwon and Alex Mashinsky might look back on this year and wish they had hired a social media adviser or logged off Twitter.

To put it lightly, it has been a wild year for the crypto sector.

In the span of less than 12 months, the third-most valuable stablecoin imploded, leading to a domino effect that saw crypto lender Celsius go bankrupt, Three Arrows Capital’s founders go runabout and one of crypto’s most “altruistic” executives flown home in cuffs.

In this article, Cointelegraph has selected 10 crypto-related tweets that have aged like spoilt milk.

Do Kwon — “Steady lads”

On May 10, just as the algo-stablecoin formerly known as TerraUSD started to fall below its dollar peg, the Terraform Labs founder attempted to allay fears of a further depeg, tweeting: “Deploying more capital – steady lads.”

Well, we all know what happened after. The collapse of the Terra ecosystem in May 2022 saw more than $40 billion wiped from the market in that month alone.

Since then, Do Kwon and the remaining Terra community have tried to revive the project with a newer stablecoin coming into the works. TerraUSD has since been rebranded to TerraClassicUSD (USTC) and is worth $0.02 at the time of writing.

Do Kwon — “Your size is not size”

Next on the list is Kwon’s famous response to crypto trader Algod, who outlined on March 9 that if LUNA “breaks new ATH’s I will short it with size. It’s a big ass ponzi, pretty sure VC’s will also hedge their investments on perps.”

Kwon then hit back by essentially calling Algod poor, stating, “Yeah but your size is not size” before adding, “$10 short incoming, everyone take cover.”

This of course was memed back to Kwon on many occasions during and after he went into damage control mode as TerraUSD spiraled out of control.

SBF — “Sell me all you want. Then go fuck off.”

Sam Bankman-Fried (SBF) has a near-endless amount of statements that likely look terrible in current circumstances. Not only has he lied about “assets are fine” but shortly before his company filed for bankruptcy, the FTX founder also left us with the $3 Solana (SOL) meme.

In a debate on Twitter from January, crypto trader CoinMamba got under SBF’s skin in January 2021, suggesting that SOL was a great shorting opportunity over the price of $3.

After a back in forth in which the two were trying to iron out a bet on the future price, SBF finally had enough of CoinMamba’s SOL taunting and said:

“I’ll buy as much SOL as you have, right now, at $3. Sell me all you want. Then go fuck off.”

The comment became legendary in the crypto community, particularly after the price of SOL went to an all-time high of $259.96 on Nov. 6, 2021.

However, CoinMamba appears to have had the last laugh, as Bankman-Fried’s firm catastrophically collapsed a year later.

Replying to the nearly two-year-old thread, CoinMamba gave Bankman-Fried a taste of his own medicine. “I’ll buy everything you have, right now, at $3. Sell me all you want. Then go fuck off.”

Alex Mashinsky — “All funds are safe.”

Amid the LUNA fiasco in May, rumors started to float that Celsius was having liquidity issues and could be heading for serious trouble, while others had claimed the firm had already been “completely wiped out.”

In a bid to quickly assure Celsius customers, Mashinsky responded to the rumors by stating in a May 12 tweet: “Notwithstanding the extreme market volatility, Celsius has not experienced any significant losses,” adding:

“All funds are safe.”

These four words went on to become a harbinger of doom for the industry.

A month later, on June 12, the firm paused all withdrawals. On July 13, it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Users are still battling to get even a portion of their funds back as we speak.

Celsius — “If you don’t have free and unlimited access to your own funds, are they really *your* funds?”

Accompanying Mashinsky is a classic from Celsius Network, in which the firm was touting the whole “unbank yourself” catchphrase. The crypto lender often suggested it was more trustworthy than the banking system.

In a Nov. 14 tweet from 2019, Celsius Network tweeted, “If you don’t have free and unlimited access to your own funds, are they really *your* funds?” before adding:

“#UnbankYourself with Celsius and join the next generation of financial services — no fees, no penalties, no lockups, just profit.”

That statement hasn’t fared too well in 2022.

Amid its Chapter 11 bankruptcy process, users have had zero access to their locked-up funds, while profits are in doubt, too, considering they might not get all the funds back.

Voyager — “We have the experience to […] weather any bear market.”

Following a similar line to Celsius and Mashinky, fellow bankrupted crypto lender Voyager published a lengthy Twitter thread in June, which now looks a bit out of place as 2022 comes to a close.

In an attempt to assure customers that the company was safe during the bear market following the collapse of the Terra ecosystem, Voyager assured customers it carefully manages “risk” and its mission is to “make crypto as simple as safe as possible.”

“Our straightforward, low-risk approach to asset management is the result of our decades of experience leading companies through market cycles. We have the experience to back our decisions and weather any bear market.”

Over the next couple of weeks, it was widely reported that the company was facing liquidity issues, and by July 5, Voyager had filed for bankruptcy.

TechCrunch — “The collapse of ETH is inevitable”

Next in line is a tweet dating back to 2018 from fintech news outlet TechCrunch that reads: “The collapse of ETH is inevitable.”

The tweet is accompanied by an extremely bearish article in which the author, Jeremy Rubin, predicts that “ETH — the asset, not the Ethereum Network itself — will go to zero.”

Rubin, who disclosed at the end of the article that he was a Bitcoin (BTC) and Litecoin (LTC) hodler at the time, bizarrely suggests that if the Ethereum network completes everything on its roadmap, no one will have any use for the asset.

At the time of writing, however, Ether (ETH) sits at $1,196 and presents a host of reasons for people to want to hold it: staking rewards, borrowing, lending and deflationary tokenomics.

Additionally, it also serves utility purposes, such as pushing through transactions on the largest smart contract network on the market.

Click “Collect” below the illustration at the top of the page or follow this link.

Avraham Eisenberg — “What are you gonna do, arrest me?”

Avraham Eisenberg, the crypto trader behind the $110-million exploit of decentralized exchange Mango Markets, makes the list due to a tweet from October that looks terrible in current circumstances.

The tweet itself revolves around a rather harmless back-and-forth regarding Eisenberg’s incorrect use of the @inversebrah tag, with Sheik Swampert noting, “You don’t call inversebrah on yourself dude.”

In response, Eisenberg said, “What are you gonna do, arrest me?”

As of this week, Eisenberg has actually been arrested and is facing market manipulation charges over the Mango Markets exploit, which he had consistently maintained was “a highly profitable trading strategy” facilitated via “legal open market actions.”

As such, this tweet has fast become a popular meme that will most likely live on for a long time in Crypto Twitter folklore.

Fortune — SBF, the “next Warren Buffet”

American business magazine Fortune has also got itself on this list for speaking in glowing terms of SBF back in August.

In a Twitter thread, the publication labeled him the “de facto leader of the crypto community” before suggesting that he was the “next Warren Buffet, Crypto’s white knight” and “Prince of risk.”

Kevin O’Leary — “I’m going to use FTX to increase my allocation”

Shark Tank’s Kevin O’Leary, also known as Mr. Wonderful, makes the list for his backing of FTX and its former CEO, Sam Bankman-Fried.

O’Leary’s now-deleted tweet came on Aug. 10, 2021, after he signed a deal to become an FTX spokesperson. In the tweet, he emphasized:

“Finally solved my compliance problems with #cryptocurrencies I’m going to use FTX to increase my allocation and use the platform to manage my portfolios.”

Unfortunately for O’Leary, FTX was anything but compliant, and the millionaire said he has likely lost the entire $15 million he was paid to be FTX’s spokesperson after taxes, agent fees and all the crypto he kept on the exchange was lost after the firm’s bankruptcy.

Terra co-founder Do Kwon hiding out in Serbia, authorities say

South Korean authorities have requested cooperation from the Serbian government in order to bring Kwon back to face charges in South Korea.

The global manhunt for Terraform Labs’ controversial founder and CEO Do Kwon continues to rage on, with South Korean authorities now believing he’s in Serbia after leaving Singapore in September.

According to a Dec. 11 report from Chosun Media, South Korean authorities followed a tip-off concerning Do Kwon’s whereabouts suggesting he is now in Serbia and has been able to confirm it. 

“Recently, we obtained intelligence that CEO Kwon was in Serbia, and it was found to be true,” an official told the outlet. 

The report also states that South Korea’s Ministry of Finance “is in the process of requesting cooperation from the Serbian government” as part of the investigation.

South Korean authorities have been on the hunt for Do Kwon since Terra’s collapse, but haven’t seemed to have had much luck pinpointing his location until now.

The 31-year-old was understood to have moved to Singapore toward the end of April, just before the Terra ecosystem’s shock collapse.

On Sept. 14, the Seoul Southern District Prosecutor’s Office’s Financial and Securities Criminal Unit issued an arrest warrant against Kwon for allegedly violating South Korean capital markets laws.

Around that time, authorities in Singapore confirmed that Kwon was no longer in the country, and was understood to have flown to Dubai in transit to a new unknown destination. 

Shortly after that, on Sept. 26, Interpol also reportedly issued a “Red Notice” against Kwon. As of Dec. 11, however, Do Kwon doesn’t appear to have been added to Interpol’s Red Notice database on the website. 

On Oct. 6, South Korea’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued an order for Kwon to surrender his passport. The ministry added that failure to comply would result in the cancellation of his passport altogether.

Later that month, prosecutors in South Korea confirmed reports that Do Kwon had flown to Dubai for a possible stopover before heading to another destination — which, as it turns out, might have been Serbia. 

If Do Kwon turns out to be in Serbia, it remains to be seen what, if any, legal strings can be pulled from South Korea to try to extradite the Terraform Labs founder.

While South Korea has entered into a bilateral extradition treaty with 31 countries, Serbia is not among them. However, South Korea has also entered into a much broader multilateral extradition treaty with the Council of Europe, to which Serbia is a signatory.

Related: Terra co-founder Do Kwon faces $57-million lawsuit in Singapore

Kwon has maintained that he is not “on the run” and has been “making zero effort to hide.” He’s continued to be active on social media over the last few months.

The collapse of the Terra ecosystem in May was partly triggered by the depegging of its algorithmic stablecoin Terra USD Classic, USTC (formerly UST), which in turn brought down its sister asset Luna Classic, LUNC (formerly LUNA) by nearly 100%.

Cointelegraph reached out to representatives for Terraform Labs for comment but did not receive an immediate response.

South Korean prosecutors accuse Do Kwon of manipulating Terra’s price

Prosecutors have reportedly secured a “messenger conversation” in which Kwon ordered an employee to manipulate Terra’s market price.

A local report from South Korea claims that the country’s prosecutors have obtained evidence to suggest Terraform Labs co-founder Do Kwon had onceordered an employee to manipulate the price of Terra Luna Classic (LUNC).

A report by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) on Nov. 3 quotes an official from the South Korean Prosecutors Office, who said they have obtained a “conversation history” in which “CEO Kwon specifically ordered price manipulation.”

The reported evidence came in the form of a “messenger conversation” between Kwon and a former Terraform Labs employee. Prosecutors did not disclose further details, noting: 

“I can’t reveal details, but it was a conversation history where CEO Kwon specifically ordered price manipulation.”

While the exact details of the price manipulation remain undisclosed, the price action of Terra’s LUNC (formerly LUNA) during the last bull market was undoubtedly one of the most impressive across all cryptocurrencies.

Its price rose over 2,800% from $4.18 in late May 2021 to its all-time high of $119.18 on Apr. 5. 2022, before its cataclysmic fall on Apr. 30, according to CoinGecko data.

The report however notes that Kwon’s representative has continued to deny these allegations.

Kwon and his representatives have also previously denied alleged violations of South Korea’s capital markets laws.

In September, Terraform Labs said the case against its co-founder has become “highly politicized” and that prosecutors expanded the definition of a security in response to public pressure.

Kwon’s whereabouts now point to Europe

Kwon’s whereabouts ultimately continue to remain a mystery, despite the Terra ecosystem co-founder previously arguing he is “not on the run.” 

Previous reports have suggested Kwon first moved from South Korea to Singapore, before transitioning to Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The KBS report now suggests Kwon is residing somewhere in Europe, and as of Nov. 3, without a valid passport. 

“Kwon, who has an arrest warrant, had his passport invalidated as of today,” the report stated, adding: 

“Do Kwon is now an illegal immigrant, wherever he is, in any country, and he cannot travel legally between countries.”

If found, Kwon will also have to deal with a $57 million lawsuit recently filed against him, his fellow Terra co-founder Nicholas Platias and the Luna Foundation Guard (LFG) in the Singapore High Court.

The plaintiff argued that Kwon, Platias and the LFG fraudulently claimed Terra’s stablecoin, Terra USD (UST) — now TerraUSD Classic (USTC) — was “stable by design” and able to maintain its peg to the U.S. dollar.

Related: 4,400 disgruntled investors are hunting for Terra’s Do Kwon

The worldwide law enforcement effort to pinpoint the controversial CEO’s location hasn’t stopped Kwon from being active on social media, with the most recent Twitter post from Kwon shared on Nov. 3.

Cointelegraph reached out to Terraform Labs and the South Korean Prosecutor’s Office for comment but did not receive an immediate response. 

South Korean prosecutors accuse Do Kwon of manipulating Terra’s price

Prosecutors have reportedly secured a “messenger conversation” in which Kwon ordered an employee to manipulate Terra’s market price.

A local report from South Korea claims that the country’s prosecutors have obtained evidence to suggest Terraform Labs co-founder Do Kwon had once ordered an employee to manipulate the price of Luna Classic (LUNC).

A report by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) on Nov. 3 quotes an official from the South Korean prosecutor’s office, who said they have obtained a “conversation history” in which “CEO Kwon specifically ordered price manipulation.”

The reported evidence came in the form of a “messenger conversation” between Kwon and a former Terraform Labs employee. Prosecutors did not disclose further details, noting: 

“I can’t reveal details, but it was a conversation history where CEO Kwon specifically ordered price manipulation.”

While the exact details of the price manipulation remain undisclosed, the price action of Terra’s LUNC, formerly Terra (LUNA), during the last bull market was undoubtedly one of the most impressive across all cryptocurrencies.

Its price rose over 2,800% from $4.18 in late May 2021 to its all-time high of $119.18 on April 5. 2022, before its cataclysmic fall on April 30, according to CoinGecko data.

The report, however, notes that Kwon’s representative has continued to deny these allegations.

Kwon and his representatives have also previously denied alleged violations of South Korea’s capital markets laws.

In September, Terraform Labs said the case against its co-founder has become “highly politicized” and that prosecutors expanded the definition of a security in response to public pressure.

Kwon’s whereabouts now point to Europe

Kwon’s whereabouts ultimately continue to remain a mystery, despite the Terra ecosystem co-founder previously arguing he is “not on the run.”

Previous reports have suggested Kwon first moved from South Korea to Singapore, before transitioning to Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The KBS report now suggests Kwon is residing somewhere in Europe, and as of Nov. 3, without a valid passport. 

“Kwon, who has an arrest warrant, had his passport invalidated as of today,” the report stated, adding: 

“Do Kwon is now an illegal immigrant, wherever he is, in any country, and he cannot travel legally between countries.”

If found, Kwon will also have to deal with a $57 million lawsuit recently filed against him, his fellow Terra co-founder Nicholas Platias and the Luna Foundation Guard (LFG) in the Singapore High Court.

The plaintiff argued that Kwon, Platias and the LFG fraudulently claimed Terra’s stablecoin, TerraUSD (UST) — now TerraUSD Classic (USTC) — was “stable by design” and able to maintain its peg to the United States dollar.

Related: 4,400 disgruntled investors are hunting for Terra’s Do Kwon

The worldwide law enforcement effort to pinpoint the controversial CEO’s location hasn’t stopped Kwon from being active on social media, with the most recent Twitter post from Kwon shared on Nov. 3.

Cointelegraph reached out to Terraform Labs and the South Korean Prosecutor’s office for comment but did not receive an immediate response. 

Key witness called to testify at Terra parliamentary inquiry is a no-show

Kim Seo-joon’s company Hashed had $3.6 billion wiped since Luna Classic’s April high — with the mental effects of the Terra collapse hospitalizing Seo-joon since July.

The CEO of venture capital firm Hashed and early Terra investor Kim Seo-joon has cited “extreme stress” following the Terra crash as the reason for his no-show at South Korea’s National Assembly’s Political Affairs Committee.

Seo-joon was one of six people selected to take part in the South Korean parliament’s latest inquiry to better understand the events that led to the infamous $40 billion wipe out of Terra’s cryptocurrencies, according to an Oct. 24 article from the Korea Economic Daily.

According to a letter from Seo-joon, he suffered severe mental harm from the following the sudden collapse of LUNC and the de-pegging of its associated algorithmic stablecoin TerraUSD Classic (USTC), writing:

“Since the Luna-Terra crash occurred, I have been suffering from anxiety disorder and panic disorder due to extreme mental stress.”

In addition to the letter submitted to the National Assembly, Seo-joon attached an expert opinion and medical certificate which stated that he’d been hospitalized and received psychiatrist treatment since Jul. 29.

Medication and counseling treatment were also said to have worsened Seo-joon’s anxiety, who is “in absolute need of emotional stability at this time,” according to the expert opinion.

A few months after the infamous Luna Classic (LUNC) collapse, Seo-joon disclosed that Hashed had suffered a $3.6 billion loss from its peak value in late April, having owned 30 million LUNC tokens, according to an August interview with Bloomberg.

Earlier this month, the chairman of the South Korean exchange Bithumb, Lee Jung-hoon, also failed to attend the parliamentary hearing on Oct. 6, citing a panic disorder as the reason for his no-show.

Related: South Korean authorities raid 15 entities linked to Terra collapse

Other witnesses called in various stages of the inquiry include Bithumb major shareholder Kang Jong-hyun, CEO of Dunamu which runs South Korea’s largest crypto exchange UpBit Lee Seok-woo, Chai Holdco director Shin Hyun-sung and Terraform Labs co-founder Daniel Shin.

Terra CEO and co-founder Do Kwon was not listed to be inquired by Korea’s Political Affairs Committee — as law enforcement units throughout the globe continue to try tracking his whereabouts.